Object | Earth | Mars |
---|---|---|
Type | Rocky planet | Rocky planet |
Age | 4.54 billion years | 4.6 billion years |
Population | 7.7 billion | 0 |
Diameter | 12,742 km | 6,779 km |
Mean radius | 6,371 km | 3,389 km |
Mass | 5.97 × 1024 kg | 6.39 × 1023 kg |
Orbital period | 365 days | 686 days |
Rotation duration | 24 hours | 24 hours |
Surface temperature (average) |
288 K 14.9 °C 58.7 °F |
210 K -63 °C -82 °F |
Surface gravity | 9.8 m/s² | 3.7 m/s² |
Mean density | 5.5 g/cm3 | 3.9 g/cm3 |
Orbital distance | 150 million km | 230 million km |
Circumference | 40,075 km | 21,344 km |
Surface area | 510 million km² | 144 million km² |
Volume | 1.08 × 1012 km3 | 1.63 × 1011 km3 |
Escape velocity | 11.1 km/s | 5 km/s |
Average orbital speed | 29.78 km/s | 24 km/s |
Aphelion | 152 million km | 249 million km |
Perihelion | 147 million km | 206 million km |
Semi major axis | 149 million km | 227 million km |
Inclination | 7.1° | 1.8° |
Satellites | 1 natural satellite 5 quasi-satellites 1,800 artificial satellites |
2 natural satellites 0 quasi-satellite 7 artificial satellites |
Surface pressure | 101.3 kPa | 0.6 kPa |
Atmosphere composition | 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2), ~ 1% water vapor, 0.9% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide |
96% carbon dioxide, 1.9% argon, 1.9% nitrogen, 0.15% oxygen, 0.05% carbon monoxide, 0.02% water vapor, 0.01% nitrogen oxide |
Crust composition | 60% silica, 16% alumina, 6% lime, 6% iron oxide, 4% magnesia, 3% sodium oxide, 2% potassium oxide |
silica, calcium sulfate, iron, magnetite |
Distance from the Milky Way center | 27,200 light years | 27,200 light years |